- heavy workload, normal working hours (8am to 6pm) are often not considered and manager reserves the right to contact employees out of hours and during holidays, depending on manager: often not interested in one's skills or ideas but just in one's contribution to the manager's own project, takes a long time to be placed on a project so majority of the time is spent doing small tasks that do not provide many learning opportunities (e.g. adjusting PPT slides)